Uncontrolled inflammation is the underlying pathological mechanism of a variety of infectious and non-infectious diseases that together are responsible for a growing burden on human health. Insights into the biology, molecular basis and regulation of inflammation and its role in disease are crucial for exploring novel approaches to modulating the pathological mechanisms in human inflammatory diseases. This Nature Conference will bring together leading international scientists to explore emerging themes in inflammatory mechanisms, innate immune signaling and immune dysregulation, as well as the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of inflammation-associated diseases, including autoinflammatory diseases, cancer, metabolic syndrome and autoimmune diseases. The conference will also include a session on new technologies in inflammation research, as well as industry and young researcher networking opportunities.